Well, I'm not nearly as knowledgable on the facts behind the differences as the above folks, but I will throw in on this for what it's worth.
In looking at the two, or three as pointed out by Standing Bear, side by side, what will be immediately noticed is the differences in the angle on the edges. The single bevel blade will use more of the meat of the edge to produce the cutting surface so to speak than the dual bevel. What this results in is a much stronger edge on the blade.
The easiest way to demonstrate this is to do a simple illustration. Take both hands, and roll your fingers into a light fist with your index finger pointing out. Now put both hands together with all your knuckles touching and your index fingers extended but the tips together. Should look something like the Church and steeple thing you might have done as a kid. Now with your index finger pointing straight up, this would represent a dual edged blade. Now rotate your hands to where your right finger is pointing straight up and your left is at around a 45 degree angle. While not quite exact, this would represent a single bevel edge. Still you can quickly see the differences in the meat, so to speak, behind the single bevel over the dual.
While this might not result in a scalpel sharp edge, it can be sharpened to a darn close one, and it will hold up to a more abusive impact than the dual edge will. These are usually made for heavy bone, thick hide, and tough critters where maximum impact and penetration might be wanted and needed.
Not that the dual edged blades aren't good for this as well, but most are made of much thinner material which enhances the ability to be sharpened more closely to the scalpel type edge. These are routinely used for lighter framed, thinner skinned critters that probably aren't going to eat you or stomp you into a muddy spot.
While there is equal ability of each to penetrate most game, usually the lighter bladed heads carry the dual edges and are primarily sold to folks hunting deer or elk type game. They are made usually with less expense, and with easily replaceable blades, and more folks than not often simply change them out rather than resharpening them. The heavier single bevels are, as a rule, heavier, made of possibly higher quality, tougher steel, and/or are much more expensive to produce in mass.
Like mentioned either will get the job done, and the choices out there are sometimes mind boggling with all the added hype and advertising. If you looked through most any of the big chain stores archery catalogs, they all claim to be the best. Bottom line is if "your happy" with the head you choose, and confident in the fact it will get the job done for you, when the time comes. Put any of them in the right spot and they will all do the job, albeit some slightly better. The tough part is getting them where they need to be.
For my uses the simple dual edged blades will suffice fine for now. This is of course until I come across that monster hog that soaks up one of my 600gr FMJ's tipped with the Slick Trick Magnum. If and when that happens all bets are off.
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LAter,
41mag
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